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Ниже приведена таблица разнообразных UNIX-подобных операционных систем, основанных на 4.4BSD и их возможные варианты загрузки/установки, системные требования для x86 компьютеров с учетом 386/486 совместимости:
ОС, версия |
Методы загрузки |
Источники установки |
Мин. CPU/RAM/HDD |
Ссылка |
NetBSD 3.1.1 (Jul, 2007) |
CD/DVD, FDD, DOS, PXE/LAN |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, Floppy, FS |
80386SX CPU, 5-16 MB RAM, 72453 KB EIDE HDD *,**,*** |
i386cd-3.1.1.iso |
NetBSD 4.0 (Dec, 2007) |
CD/DVD, FDD, DOS, PXE/LAN |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, Floppy, FS |
80486SX CPU, 12-16 MB RAM, 81260 KB EIDE HDD *,**,*** |
i386cd-4.0.iso |
NetBSD 4.0.1 (Jul, 2008) |
CD/DVD, FDD, DOS, PXE/LAN |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, Floppy, FS |
80486SX CPU, 12-16 MB RAM, 81008 KB EIDE HDD *,**,*** |
i386cd-4.0.1.iso |
OpenBSD 4.1 (May, 2007) |
PXE/LAN, CD/DVD, FDD |
Local, CD/DVD, FS, NFS, FTP, HTTP |
80386DX CPU, 16 MB RAM, 147 MB HDD |
OpenBSD-4.1-i386.iso |
OpenBSD 4.2 (Nov, 2007) |
PXE/LAN, CD/DVD, FDD |
Local, CD/DVD, FS, NFS, FTP, HTTP |
80486DX CPU, 12-16 MB RAM, 143 MB AT-MFM/RLL,ESDI HDD |
OpenBSD-4.2-i386.iso |
OpenBSD 4.3 (05.01.2008) |
PXE/LAN, CD/DVD, FDD |
Local, CD/DVD, FS, NFS, FTP, HTTP |
80486DX CPU, 24-32 MB RAM, 200 MB HDD |
https://mirror.yandex.ru/openbsd/4.3/ |
FreeBSD 3.5.1 (Jul, 2000) |
CD/DVD, FDD, PXE/LAN****** |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, FS, Floppy, Tape |
80386SX CPU, 6 MB RAM, 77688 KB AT-MFM/RLL,ESDI HDD ***** |
3.5.1-install.iso |
FreeBSD 4.11 (Jan, 2005) |
CD/DVD, FDD, PXE/LAN****** |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, FS, Floppy, Tape |
80386SX CPU, 8 MB RAM, 112 MB ESDI HDD ***** |
4.11-RELEASE-i386-miniinst.iso |
FreeBSD 5.5 (May, 2006) |
CD/DVD, FDD, PXE/LAN****** |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, FS, Floppy, Tape |
80486DX CPU, 16 MB RAM, 136 MB EIDE HDD **** |
5.5-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso |
FreeBSD 6.4 (Nov, 2008) |
CD/DVD, FDD, PXE/LAN****** |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, FS, Floppy, Tape |
80486DX CPU, 24 MB RAM, 144 MB EIDE HDD |
6.4-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso |
* Note 1: For booting 4 Mb systems you need netbsd-INSTALL_SMALL or netbsd-INSTALL_TYNY kernel and appropriate BOOT kernel nbnoacpi or nblaptop for installed system
** Note 2: For booting IBM PS/2 systems you need netbsd-INSTALL_PS2 kernel and appropriate BOOT kernel for installed system
*** Note 3: You can remove unneeeded devices from kernel reducing its size by recompiling it
**** Note 4: FreeBSD for the i386 requires a 486 or better processor to install and run (although FreeBSD can run on 386 processors with a custom kernel) and at least 24 MB of RAM. You will need at least 150MB of free hard drive space for the most minimal installation.
***** Note 5: FreeBSD for the i386 requires an 80386 or better processor. The sysinstall(8) installation program requires 16MB of RAM; after installation, FreeBSD itself can be run in 4-8MB of RAM with a pared-down kernel. You will need at least 128MB of free hard drive space for the most minimal installation; a more realistic minimum is on the order of 250-350MB.
****** Note 6: FreeBSD need special configured FreeBSD server to perform PXE/LAN installation.
mount -t iso9660 image.iso /cdrom -o loopAttach content to apt database:
# apt-cdrom add
loadlin.exe linux initrd=initrd.gz
kernel boot/debian/linux append raw initrd=boot/debian/initrd.gzor
kernel memdisk append raw iso initrd=boot/debian/mini.iso
Add "contrib" and "non-free" components to /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname-lts main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname-updates main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/backports.org/ distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-backports distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-security distname/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname main contrib non-free deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian-security distname/updates main contrib non-free deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname main multiverse restricted universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname main multiverse restricted universe deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-updates main multiverse restricted universe * * * deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian distname deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian distname-backports deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian distname-proposed-updates deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian distname-updates deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian-backports distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian-security distname main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian-security distname-security main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian distname main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian distname-lts main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian distname-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian distname-updates main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian-archive/backports.org distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian-archive/debian-backports distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian-archive/debian-security distname/updates main contrib non-free where distname can be one of: #for Debian 3.0 woody (2002-2005) #for Debian 3.1 sarge (2005-2008) #for Debian 4 etch (2007-2010) #for Debian 5 lenny (2009-2012) #for Debian 6 squeeze (2011-2015) + squeeze-lts (up to 2016) #for Debian 7 wheezy (2013-2020) #for Debian 8 jessie (2015-2022) #for Debian 9 stretch (2017-2022)3. Localization (KOI8-R, CP1251, UTF8):
# dpkg-reconfigure locales # dpkg-reconfigure console-tools # aptitude install console-cyrillic # dpkg-reconfigure console-cyrillic # dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configurationTo test different console fonts, run:
# consolechars -f fontname.psf (prf?)4. Packet commands:
# aptitude install packetname # apt-get install packetname # apt-get remove packetname # apt-get autoclean # apt-get autoremove # apt-get clean # apt-get purge # apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false update # apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false upgrade# base
mc unzip zip samba apt-file htop neofetch console-setup pciutils hwinfo lshw dmidecode laptop-mode-tools memtest86 memtest86+ amd64-microcode intel-microcode firmware-linux firmware-linux-nonfree firmware-linux-free firmware-atheros firmware-realtek firmware-amd-graphics firmware-intel-sound firmware-intelwimax firmware-misc-nonfree# network
ftp ftpd ntp ssh telnet telnetd links elinks rdesktop tightvncserver x11vnc xrdp xtightvncviewer iperf ethtool iftop nload bmon net-tools firmware-iwlwifi wireless-tools network-manager-kde network-manager-gnome wicd hdparm smartmontools cdck wodim xorriso qpxtool gparted mknbi (NBI boot)# programming
gcc g++ mtools perl libc-dev nasm bcc make syslinux mesa-common-dev libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev libglfw3-dev libgles2-mesa-dev libgl-dev# gui, multimedia, www
x-window-system ( or xorg ? ) gdebi synaptic leafpad mousepad x-window-manager lightdm gdm xdm ( optional ) apt-transport-https lxde icewm xfce4 xfce4-goodies gnome kde netsurf midori iceweasel iceape firefox firefox-esr chromium chromium-browser opera alsa alsa-base alsa-oss alsa-utils pulseaudio pavucontrol mpg123 mplayer mpv smplayer vlc youtube-dl mesa-utils qemu wine ttf-mscorefonts-installer wine-doc# gaming
prboom vavoom freedoom xbill amoebax supertuxkart5. Additional packages
https://get.geo.opera.com/pub/opera/desktop/ https://get.geo.opera.com/pub/opera/linux/ $ wget -c deb.opera.com/opera/pool/non-free/o/opera/opera_12.16.1860_i386.deb $ sudo dpkg -i opera_12.16.1860_i386.deb $ wget -c deb.opera.com/opera/pool/non-free/o/opera/opera_12.16.1860_amd64.deb $ sudo dpkg -i opera_12.16.1860_amd64.deb $ sudo apt-get install -f Copy libflashplayer.so to the plugins directory. wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add - deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main apt-get install --yes google-chrome-stable6. Mount physical hdd in VirtualBox (also possible in MS VirtualPC 2004)
VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename PHYSHDD.vmdk -rawdisk \\.\PhysicalDrive07. configure static lan with additional ip's
/etc/network/interfaces allow-hotplug eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address ... netmask ... gateway ... iface eth0:0 inet static address ... netmask ... gateway ...dhcp
ifconfig eth0 up dhclientwhere eth0...1...2...n stored?
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules8. Disable UTC time
/etc/default/rcS: set UTC=no or /etc/adjtime: change UTC to LOCAL9. NTP synchronization
apt-get install ntp and /etc/ntp.conf: change 'server'10. NE2000 ISA non-pnp
sbin/modprobe ne io=0x300 irq=10 then module is included in /etc/rc.d/rc.modules or /etc/modules11. Disable graphical console boot
GRUB_TERMINAL=console GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep or GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=text GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="vga=normal nomodeset" GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 or GRUB_GFXMODE=textand then use
update-grub12. Disable mail
apt-get remove exim4* default-mta13. make xorg.conf
# Xorg -configure
..... Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Generic Keyboard" Driver "keyboard" Option "CoreKeyboard" Option "XkbRules" "xfree86" Option "XkbModel" "pc102" Option "XkbLayout" "us,ru(winkeys)" Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll" EndSection ..... Section "Device" Identifier "Generic Video Card" Driver "vesa" ..... Section "Screen" Identifier "Default Screen" Device "Generic Video Card" Monitor "Generic Monitor" DefaultDepth 16 SubSection "Display" Depth 24 Modes "1024x768" # up to EndSubSection SubSection "Display" ..... Section "dri" Mode 0666 EndSection .....