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Ниже приведена таблица разнообразных UNIX-подобных операционных систем, основанных на 4.4BSD и их возможные варианты загрузки/установки, системные требования для x86 компьютеров с учетом 386/486 совместимости:
ОС, версия |
Методы загрузки |
Источники установки |
Мин. CPU/RAM/HDD |
Ссылка |
NetBSD 3.1.1 (Jul, 2007) |
CD/DVD, FDD, DOS, PXE/LAN |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, Floppy, FS |
80386SX CPU, 5-16 MB RAM, 72453 KB EIDE HDD *,**,*** |
i386cd-3.1.1.iso |
NetBSD 4.0 (Dec, 2007) |
CD/DVD, FDD, DOS, PXE/LAN |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, Floppy, FS |
80486SX CPU, 12-16 MB RAM, 81260 KB EIDE HDD *,**,*** |
i386cd-4.0.iso |
NetBSD 4.0.1 (Jul, 2008) |
CD/DVD, FDD, DOS, PXE/LAN |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, Floppy, FS |
80486SX CPU, 12-16 MB RAM, 81008 KB EIDE HDD *,**,*** |
i386cd-4.0.1.iso |
OpenBSD 4.1 (May, 2007) |
PXE/LAN, CD/DVD, FDD |
Local, CD/DVD, FS, NFS, FTP, HTTP |
80386DX CPU, 16 MB RAM, 147 MB HDD |
OpenBSD-4.1-i386.iso |
OpenBSD 4.2 (Nov, 2007) |
PXE/LAN, CD/DVD, FDD |
Local, CD/DVD, FS, NFS, FTP, HTTP |
80486DX CPU, 12-16 MB RAM, 143 MB AT-MFM/RLL,ESDI HDD |
OpenBSD-4.2-i386.iso |
OpenBSD 4.3 (05.01.2008) |
PXE/LAN, CD/DVD, FDD |
Local, CD/DVD, FS, NFS, FTP, HTTP |
80486DX CPU, 24-32 MB RAM, 200 MB HDD |
https://mirror.yandex.ru/openbsd/4.3/ |
FreeBSD 3.5.1 (Jul, 2000) |
CD/DVD, FDD, PXE/LAN****** |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, FS, Floppy, Tape |
80386SX CPU, 6 MB RAM, 77688 KB AT-MFM/RLL,ESDI HDD ***** |
3.5.1-install.iso |
FreeBSD 4.11 (Jan, 2005) |
CD/DVD, FDD, PXE/LAN****** |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, FS, Floppy, Tape |
80386SX CPU, 8 MB RAM, 112 MB ESDI HDD ***** |
4.11-RELEASE-i386-miniinst.iso |
FreeBSD 5.5 (May, 2006) |
CD/DVD, FDD, PXE/LAN****** |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, FS, Floppy, Tape |
80486DX CPU, 16 MB RAM, 136 MB EIDE HDD **** |
5.5-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso |
FreeBSD 6.4 (Nov, 2008) |
CD/DVD, FDD, PXE/LAN****** |
CD/DVD, FTP, HTTP, NFS, FS, Floppy, Tape |
80486DX CPU, 24 MB RAM, 144 MB EIDE HDD |
6.4-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso |
* Note 1: For booting 4 Mb systems you need netbsd-INSTALL_SMALL or netbsd-INSTALL_TYNY kernel and appropriate BOOT kernel nbnoacpi or nblaptop for installed system
** Note 2: For booting IBM PS/2 systems you need netbsd-INSTALL_PS2 kernel and appropriate BOOT kernel for installed system
*** Note 3: You can remove unneeeded devices from kernel reducing its size by recompiling it
**** Note 4: FreeBSD for the i386 requires a 486 or better processor to install and run (although FreeBSD can run on 386 processors with a custom kernel) and at least 24 MB of RAM. You will need at least 150MB of free hard drive space for the most minimal installation.
***** Note 5: FreeBSD for the i386 requires an 80386 or better processor. The sysinstall(8) installation program requires 16MB of RAM; after installation, FreeBSD itself can be run in 4-8MB of RAM with a pared-down kernel. You will need at least 128MB of free hard drive space for the most minimal installation; a more realistic minimum is on the order of 250-350MB.
****** Note 6: FreeBSD need special configured FreeBSD server to perform PXE/LAN installation.
mount -t iso9660 image.iso /cdrom -o loopAttach content to apt database:
# apt-cdrom add
loadlin.exe linux initrd=initrd.gz
kernel boot/debian/linux append raw initrd=boot/debian/initrd.gzor
kernel memdisk append raw iso initrd=boot/debian/mini.iso
Add "contrib" and "non-free" components to /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname-lts main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname-updates main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/backports.org/ distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-backports distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-security distname/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian/ distname main contrib non-free deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian-security distname/updates main contrib non-free * * * deb http://deb.freexian.com/extended-lts distname-lts main contrib non-free * * * deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian distname deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian distname-backports deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian distname-proposed-updates deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian distname-updates deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian-backports distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian-security distname main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.mephi.ru/debian-security distname-security main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian distname main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian distname-lts main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian distname-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian distname-updates main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/backports.org distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian-backports distname-backports main contrib non-free deb http://mirror/debian-archive/debian-security distname/updates main contrib non-free where distname can be one of: #for Debian 3.0 woody (2002-2005) #for Debian 3.1 sarge (2005-2008) #for Debian 4 etch (2007-2010) #for Debian 5 lenny (2009-2012) #for Debian 6 squeeze (2011-2015) + squeeze-lts (up to 2016) #for Debian 7 wheezy (2013-2016-2018) #for Debian 8 jessie (2015-2018-2020) #for Debian 9 stretch (2017-2020-2022) #for Debian 10 buster (2019-2022-2024) * * * deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname main multiverse restricted universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname main multiverse restricted universe deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu distname-updates main multiverse restricted universe3. Localization (KOI8-R, CP1251, UTF8):
# dpkg-reconfigure locales # dpkg-reconfigure console-tools # aptitude install console-cyrillic # dpkg-reconfigure console-cyrillic # dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configurationTo test different console fonts, run:
# consolechars -f fontname.psf (prf?)4. Packet commands:
# aptitude install packetname # apt-get install packetname # apt-get remove packetname # apt-get autoclean # apt-get autoremove # apt-get clean # apt-get purge # apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false update # apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false upgrade# base
mc unzip zip samba apt-file htop neofetch console-setup pciutils hwinfo lshw dmidecode laptop-mode-tools memtest86 memtest86+ amd64-microcode intel-microcode firmware-linux firmware-linux-nonfree firmware-linux-free firmware-atheros firmware-realtek firmware-amd-graphics firmware-intel-sound firmware-intelwimax firmware-misc-nonfree# network
ftp ftpd ntpdate ssh telnet telnetd links elinks gdebi debian-archive-keyring synaptic leafpad mousepad rdesktop tightvncserver x11vnc xrdp xtightvncviewer iperf ethtool iftop nload bmon net-tools firmware-iwlwifi wireless-tools network-manager-kde network-manager-gnome wicd hdparm smartmontools cdck wodim xorriso qpxtool gparted mknbi (NBI boot)# programming
gcc g++ mtools perl libc-dev nasm bcc make syslinux mesa-common-dev libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev libglfw3-dev libgles2-mesa-dev libgl-dev# gui, multimedia, www
x-window-system xorg driconf libglide2 libglide3 fglrx-driver nvidia-driver x-window-manager lightdm gdm xdm ( optional ) apt-transport-https lxde icewm xfce4 xfce4-goodies gnome kde ctwm twm netsurf midori iceweasel iceape firefox firefox-esr chromium chromium-browser opera alsa alsa-base alsa-oss alsa-utils pulseaudio pavucontrol mpg123 mplayer mpv smplayer vlc youtube-dl mesa-utils qemu wine ttf-mscorefonts-installer wine-doc# gaming
prboom vavoom freedoom xbill amoebax supertuxkart nexuiz openarena rtcw quakespasm quake25. Additional packages
https://get.geo.opera.com/pub/opera/desktop/ https://get.geo.opera.com/pub/opera/linux/ $ wget -c deb.opera.com/opera/pool/non-free/o/opera/opera_12.16.1860_i386.deb $ sudo dpkg -i opera_12.16.1860_i386.deb $ wget -c deb.opera.com/opera/pool/non-free/o/opera/opera_12.16.1860_amd64.deb $ sudo dpkg -i opera_12.16.1860_amd64.deb $ sudo apt-get install -f Copy libflashplayer.so to the plugins directory. wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add - deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main apt-get install --yes google-chrome-stable6. Mount physical hdd in VirtualBox (also possible in MS VirtualPC 2004)
VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename PHYSHDD.vmdk -rawdisk \\.\PhysicalDrive07. configure static lan with additional ip's
/etc/network/interfaces allow-hotplug eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address ... netmask ... gateway ... hwaddress ether 00:11:22:33:44:55 iface eth0:0 inet static address ... netmask ... gateway ...dhcp
ifconfig eth0 up dhclientwhere eth0...1...2...n stored?
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules8. Disable UTC time
/etc/default/rcS: set UTC=no or /etc/adjtime: change UTC to LOCAL9. NTP synchronization
apt-get install ntp and /etc/ntp.conf: change 'server'10. NE2000 ISA non-pnp
sbin/modprobe ne io=0x300 irq=10 then module is included in /etc/rc.d/rc.modules or /etc/modules11. Disable graphical console boot
GRUB_TERMINAL=console GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep or GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=text GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="vga=normal nomodeset" GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 or GRUB_GFXMODE=textand then use
update-grub12. Disable mail
apt-get remove exim4* default-mta13. make xorg.conf
# Xorg -configure
. . . Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Generic Keyboard" Driver "keyboard" Option "CoreKeyboard" Option "XkbRules" "xfree86" Option "XkbModel" "pc102" Option "XkbLayout" "us,ru(winkeys)" Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll" EndSection . . . Section "Device" Identifier "Generic Video Card" Driver "vesa" . . . Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" VendorName "Generic Vendor" ModelName "Generic Monitor" HorizSync 30.0 - 90.0 VertRefresh 56.0 - 75.0 Option "DPMS" Option "IgnoreEDID" "false" Option "UseEDID" "true" EndSection . . . Section "Screen" Identifier "Default Screen" Device "Generic Video Card" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 16 SubSection "Display" Depth 16 Modes "1024x768" # up to EndSubSection "Display" Depth 24 Modes "1024x768" # up to EndSubSection SubSection "Display" . . . Section "dri" Mode 0666 EndSection . . .